Polarized Deuterons in Colliders

Yaroslav Derbenev (JLAB, Newport News/VA )

The possibilities to preserve and manipulate the deuteron polarization in colliders are discussed. A small value of deuteron magnetic anomaly (-0.13 comparatively to 1.8 of protons) makes the Siberian Snakes method impractical for deuterons, but it leaves the possibility to undertake all the measures on fast and adiabatical crossing of individual spin resonances in a ring developed and implemented earlier and in recent years at ZGS and AGS for polarized proton beams. Fast crossing methods are estimated as prospective for a deuteron energy range below 100 GeV (EPIC collider). At higher energies (up to 250 GeV of RHIC and 1 TeV of HERA or Tevatron), the adiabatic overcoming of spin resonances based on beam coherent excitation by static or RF dipoles above the statistical level (due to imperfections or beam emittance) is estimated to be efficient. This technique (static dipoles)also can be used in order to transform the injected and accelerated vertical polarization to the stable longitudinal one, in energy areas near spin-resonance values. The possibilities of spin RF-flipping are also estimated, including a possibility of RF-trapped longitudinal spin at half-integer spin tune. Finally, an exotic scheme of a twisted spin synchrotron is shown, with the possibility of stable longitudinal spin in the whole energy range of the storage facility.